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LECTURE 5
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol):
IP ADDRESSING:
- NIC cards having unique addressing.
- Address is in the form of Hexa-Decimal.
- (e.g.) A1.B2.00.C1.D2.01
| Manufacturing | Number of NIC Cards |
| Company Name | designed by company |
- IP address is in Network layer.
- IP address is of 32 bits.
Classes of IP address:
- Sub-net mask specifies the direction of data (i.e.) where data is to be sent.
- Router sends data by checking sub-net mask.
- IP addresses having different classes are called IPV 4 (IP version 4).
| Class | Network | Host | IP Range | IP Range | |
| Sub-net Mask Range | Sub-net Mask Range | ||||
| Name | Bits | Bits | |||
| Starting | Ending | ||||
| Class A | 8 | 24 | 1.0.0.0 | 126.255.255.255 | |
| 255.0.0.0 | 255.0.0.0 | ||||
| Class B | 16 | 16 | 128.0.0.0 | 191.255.255.255 | |
| 255.255.0.0 | 255.255.0.0 | ||||
| Class C | 24 | 8 | 192.0.0.0 | 223.255.255.255 | |
| 255.255.255.0 | 255.255.255.0 | ||||
| Class D | – | – | 240.0.0.0 | 255.255.255.255 | |
| Class E | – | – | – | – | |
- 127.0.0.0 To 127.255.255.255 is used for device checking called “Loopback” address.
- Class D is used for multitasking (not for normal communication).
- 240.0.0.0 To 255.255.255.255 are used by NASA for Research work.
Private IP: Private IP can’t run on Internet because Router can’t understand private IP.
| Class Name | IP Range | IP Range | |
| Starting | Ending | ||
| Class A | 10.0.0.0 | 10.255.255.255 | |
| Class B | 172.16.0.0 | 172.31.255.255 | |
| Class C | 192.168.0.0 | 192.168.255.255 | |
Public IP: Public IP are those who can run on Internet Services and Ports:
| SERVICE NAME | PORT # | |||||
| WWW | 80 | |||||
| DNS | 53 | |||||
| SMTP | 25 | |||||
| Telnet | 23 | |||||
| POP3 | 110 | |||||
| SSL | 423 | |||||
Setting for Data Communication:
- NIC Card + Drivers
- Protocols (TCP/IP, IPx/SPx, Apple Talk, NetBeui)
- Client Software
- File and Print Sharing
- IP Address
PROTOCOLS:
